CSSD Practice Exam 2026 – Complete Study Resource

Reduced muscle protein synthesis is primarily associated with low energy availability. When the body does not receive adequate energy, often due to insufficient caloric intake or prolonged periods of negative energy balance, muscle mass may be compromised. This occurs because the body prioritizes essential functions and processes, diverting resources away from muscle repair and growth in favor of maintaining overall energy homeostasis.

In contrast, conditions such as high energy availability, increased hydration, and high carbohydrate intake typically support muscle protein synthesis. High energy availability provides the necessary substrates for muscle repair and growth, while adequate hydration is crucial for optimal metabolic processes, including those involved in protein synthesis. A high carbohydrate intake can also contribute positively by replenishing glycogen stores and offering energy needed for recovery and anabolic responses. Therefore, low energy availability distinctly stands out as a condition that detrimentally affects muscle protein synthesis.